Nostalgic-BrandsThe Nostalgic Brands site is run by John R. Fugazzie a former supermarket and food brands executive with The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company and Wakefern/Shop Rite for the purpose of preserving the history and stories of iconic brands.
The history of home milk delivery is quite fascinating and dates back to the late 1700s. Here's a brief overview:
Early Beginnings
Here are some of the largest milk home delivery companies in the USA:
BrandlandUSA
Public companies 100 years old or more This category is for Companies, corporations or businesses established in the years 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 100 Iconic Brands That Changed Grocery
In celebration of our centennial, Progressive Grocer quantifies some of the best and boldest brands of the past 100 years, from A to Z Grocery’s Greatest Stories, Part 1 Progressive Grocer takes a look back at defining news stories from the past 100+ years and how they shaped the industry we know todayGrocery’s Greatest Stories, Part 2 Progressive Grocer takes a look back at some defining news stories from the past 100+ years and how they shaped the industry we know todayThe Food That Built America History ChannelThe Food That Built America Season 1 The Food That Built America season 2 Watch The Food That Built America Season 3 Online | HISTORY Channel Watch The Food That Built America Season 4 Online | HISTORY Channel About the Series For generations of Americans, food entrepreneurs like James Kraft, Milton Hershey, the Swanson family, and the McDonald brothers have literally been household names, but you don’t know their stories. Before they were brands, they were brilliant, sometimes ruthless visionaries who revolutionized food and changed the landscape of America forever. This series turns the lens on an iconic selection of bold pioneers behind such iconic foods as Oreo, Cheetos, pizza, and more. 
Nostalgic Brands of
The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. A&P | Eight O'Clock Coffee | Jane Parker Woman's Day Magazine 
The origin of the chain supermarket can be traced back to coffee and tea retail stores founded in 1859 by George Gilman. Ten years later Gilman & Co. became the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., more commonly known as A&P.
6.16.17 From the A&P to Amazon: The rise of the modern grocery store Jan 7, 2016 The Great A&P, the supermarket chain that conquered USA at the beginning of the XX century A&P History Groceria APRIL 6, 2009 he Early Years: In 1859, George Huntington Hartford and George Gilman entered the mail-order tea business from a storefront and warehouse at 31 Vesey Street in New York City. The Great American Tea Company grew steadily over the next decade and was renamed The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company in 1870. Hartford’s sons, John and George, came into the family business in the 1880s, the same decade that the company begain marketing its first private label brands, including Eight O’Clock Coffee. By 1900 the turn of the century, there were over 20 stores in the chain. The Boom: In 1912, the first A&P Economy Store opened. The brainchild of John Hartford, this format relied on severe cost-cutting, standardization of layout, and the elimination of credit accounts and delivery. Economy stores were small and often located on a secondary street rather than in a more expensive Main Street location. Hartford insisted on short-term leases wit renewal options, so that the stores could pick up and move on short notice as conditions dictated. Some carried the bare minimum of produce items, and most operated with one or two employees. The format was wildly successful, and the chain had grown from 585 stores in 1913 to more than 4500 stores by 1920, and to over 15,000 stores all over the east coast and Midwest by 1930. In the early 1930ss, the first California stores were opened, adding some credibility to the company name. During the 1920s, meat markets and more produce offerings were added to larger and less spartan stores, the result of an increasingly affluent clientele. The first King Kullen and Big Bear stores, widely regarded as the genesis of the supermarket area, were located in A&P’s home turf of New York and New Jersey. A&P reacted cautiously at first, finally opening a “supermarket” of its own in Braddock PA in 1936. By 1939, the chain had begun to move much more decisively, operating 1100 supermarkets and closing thousands of the older “economy stores”. Between 1936 and 1940, A&P halved its number of stores (to just over 6000) while increasing its sales by more than half. By 1949, the store count was down to just over 4500, while sales had skyrocketed. The origin of A&P has to do with tea. The initial founders realized that they could buy whole tea shipments arriving in the ports of New York and sell them at low prices to individuals. The first A&P stores sold only low-priced tea, they preferred to conquer market share that have a high margin. In a few years they conquered the United States selling tea and coffee. A&P's tremendous growth created problems with suppliers. Cream of Wheat, the largest breakfast food manufacturer, demanded that all retailers adhere to the cereal's pricing per box. A&P purchased the product at wholesale, 11 cents per box (3 cents less), and decided that a 1-cent markup was appropriate for its economy store format. Cream of Wheat cut off supplies and A&P sued. U.S. District Court Judge Charles Hough ruled against A&P, saying that a manufacturer can establish retail prices. As a result, A&P and other large chains expanded manufacturing of private brands
The first big innovation was to create its own brands (tea, baking powder, butter…). Brands offered consumers the promise of consistency and quality. They would allow market segmentation, enabling grocers to offer higher-priced products targeted at more affluent consumers alongside lower-priced versions aimed at the mass market. Cardboard boxes and tin cans appealed to a public increasingly concerned with hygiene and sanitation.
Baking PowerArm & Hammer is a well-known brand of baking soda and other household products, marketed by Church & Dwight. It's been a trusted household staple for over 170 years, known for its versatility and effectiveness in cooking, cleaning, personal care, and more
The art deco Graybar Electric building was built in the 1920s, and as Graybar was originally a steamship company, it had a maritime theme. Take a look at the mooring lines on the awning poles of a ship securing the building to Lexington Avenue complete with its anti-rat funnels. The funnels kept the rats from stowing away on ships. You will see three evil cast iron rats climbing above the building’s entrance. Even more unusual and not so obvious are the rosettes that connect the poles are actually decorated with rat heads.
A&P https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › A&P
In 1974, the corporation also left its long-time headquarters in the Graybar Building, moving to Montvale, New Jersey. 1975–2001
2025 would have been the 166th anniversary
History of Eight O Clock CoffeeA&P was established as "Gilman & Company" in 1859, and began selling bags of whole bean coffee on their own. Their coffee, however, was not given a true official name at that time, being sometimes called "Eight O'Clock Breakfast Coffee" at the start.
In 1922, the coffee cost 25¢ a pound.In 1919, in contrast with the introduction of two other coffee lines, Bokar and Red Circle, the coffee was finally given its official name;[1] A&P supposedly conducted a survey asking people what time of day they drank coffee most. The majority of those surveyed reported that they typically drank coffee at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. A&P then went ahead and took out the word "Breakfast" from the name, rebranding its signature coffee as simply "Eight O'Clock". In the 1930s, Eight O'Clock coffee had gained over a quarter of the U.S. market share. By 1930, it was the most popular brand of coffee in the United States. A&P, however, began to decline in the 1950s, closing stores and leaving some mass U.S. markets in the process. In 1979, the company licensed its branding division, Compass Foods, Inc., to sell Eight O'Clock Coffee to other retailers including competing supermarket chains; among them is Pathmark, a supermarket that broke away from the ShopRite retailers' cooperative in 1960s, which A&P acquired in 2007. In 2003, A&P spun off the Eight O'Clock Coffee brand to Gryphon Investors, a private equity firm based in San Francisco, California, which used the brand to create the Eight O'Clock Coffee Company. A few weeks later, Eight O'Clock's ground coffee line was introduced. Gryphon Investors would soon sell Eight O'Clock Coffee Company to Tata Global Beverages in 2006. In 2009, Consumer Reports rated Eight O'Clock Coffee's 100 percent Colombian brew as the "best buy" for ground brews, beating well-known brands, such as Folgers, Maxwell House and Starbucks. On August 8, 2013, the entire Eight O'Clock Coffee line was revamped with new packaging and new flavors. Also, the Eight o Clock coffee brand produced an instant coffee, though this seems to have been only sold at A&P family stores and thus has been retired with the closing of the chain in 2015. The history continues now under Tata 
(Note the issues of Woman’s Day for sale in the picture. A&P launched this still popular woman’s magazine in the 1930s as a way to sell groceries and sold it exclusively at its stores until 1958 when a publishing company took it over.)
After A&P Launched Women's Day Safeway Launched their own magazine Family Circle both still mainstays of the magazines at checkouts in all supermarkets owned by major publishing companies today.
9.17.12 Woman’s Day Turns 75 While Looking Forward en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WomanDay
Hilco Auctions A&P Brand Portfolio: GARLAND POLLARD OCT 24, 2015
Hilco Streambank, a division of the liquidation company that is working with A&P to dispose of its assets, announced on Friday that it is seeking bids for six store names – A&P, Pathmark, Waldbaums, Food Basics, SuperFresh, and Best Cellars – and for eight private label brand names.
A&P Brand has been re-launched with Coffee & Tea by private company
who purchased the brand name. Legacy Brands purchased the A&P and Waldbaums brands and has now in 2021 launched Coffee and Team under the A&P brand historically A&P's brand of coffee was marketed under Eight O Clock brand which they sold off to an investment group who then resold it to Tata a major company from India. Click here or below to buy A&P Coffee 
Since the late 1930’s, Jane Parker Fruit Cake has been a staple of American families’ holiday traditions. There's something about the rich goodness of Jane Parker Fruitcake that folks just can't resist. That's because Jane Parker Fruit Cake is real, old-fashioned fruitcake, generously filled with more than 2/3 luscious fruits and nuts. Plump, juicy raisins, tangy citron, and orange peel, glazed pineapple, red cherries, and crunchy pecans are just some of the ingredients that make Jane Parker America's favorite fruit cake.
Originally a brand of The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&P), Jane Parker Fruit Cake was baked in the 1930's through the 1960's. Then, in 2009, Jane Parker Fruit Cake was brought back for the 150th anniversary of A&P. In 2014, The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company ceased production of Jane Parker Fruit Cakes, and shortly after filed for bankruptcy. It was feared that Jane Parker Fruitcakes would be gone forever. To the delight of Jane Parker Fruit Cake fans everywhere, in early 2017, the Jane Parker Fruit Cake brand, along with all original recipes, was purchased from A&P. We are excited to be bringing this iconic brand back to the market, just in time for the 2017 holiday season! 2019 https://www.janeparker.com/ Buy Jane parker Fruit Cakes using this link Facebook Jane Parker has been back in business since 2017
Chris & Alex Ronacher purchased the brand from the bankruptcy Since the late 1930’s, Jane Parker Fruitcake has been a staple of American families’ holiday traditions. There's something about the rich goodness of Jane Parker Fruitcake that folks just can't resist. That's because Jane Parker Fruit Cake is real, old-fashioned fruitcake, generously filled with more than 2/3 luscious fruits and nuts. Plump, juicy raisins, glazed pineapple, red cherries, and crunchy pecans are just some of the ingredients that make Jane Parker America's favorite fruit cake. 2017 - Present: Two brothers, Chris & Alex Ronacher rescued the Jane Parker brand along with all the original recipes and begin baking the beloved fruit cakes again. To the delight of customers everywhere, Jane Parker is back, and the tradition continues! Jane Parker Bakery brand is a Nostalgic Brand and looking to expand its business. Contact me so we can explore your company handling this product line, partner with Jane Parker to expand items and or cross promotion and marketing concepts. - John R. Fugazzie
A Quick History of the Potato Chip
The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum. Crum was a Native American/African American chef at the Moon Lake Lodge resort in Saratoga Springs, New York, USA. French fries were popular at the restaurant, and one day a diner complained that the fries were too thick. Although Crum made a thinner batch, the customer was still unsatisfied. Crum finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork, hoping to annoy the extremely fussy customer. The customer, surprisingly enough, was happy – and potato chips were invented Crum’s chips were originally called Saratoga Chips and potato crunches. They were soon packaged and sold in New England – Crum later opened his own restaurant. William Tappendon manufactured and marketed the chips in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1895. In the 1920s, a salesman named Herman Lay sold potato chips to the southern USA (selling the chips from the trunk of his car). In 1926, Laura Scudder (who owned a potato chip factory in Monterey Park, California) invented a wax paper potato chip bag to keep the chips fresh and crunchy. With further technology, innovation, and a countless number of variations and flavors, potato chips have only grown in popularity over the years! When were potato chips sold in tins?
1908. The Leominster Potato Chip Company was the first to sell potato chips commercially. They were sold to shopkeepers in bulk tins and glass jars which were then scooped into smaller tins or bags for consumers to transport home.
Private brands
When A&P was founded, there were no branded food products, and retailers sold food commodities in bulk. In 1870, the company became among the first to sell a branded pre-packaged food product, introducing "Thea-Necter" brand tea. In 1885, the name "A&P" was introduced on baking powder containers. Also in the 1880s, the company adopted the name "Eight-O'Clock" for its coffee. When A&P moved its headquarters to Jersey City, New Jersey in 1907, it included a bakery and coffee-roasting operation. A&P's evolution into one of the country's largest food manufacturers was the result of the 1915 court decision in the Cream of Wheat litigation that upheld the right of a manufacturer to set retail prices. To keep prices down, A&P put emphasis on private label goods. By 1962, A&P operated 67 plants before consolidating many of them into the 1.5 million-square foot Horseheads facility, which was the largest food manufacturing plant in the world under one roof. As late as 1977, private label represented 25% of A&P's sales, with A&P manufactured products accounting for over 40% of this total. That year, A&P manufacturing reported sales of $750 million from its 23 plants(which by itself would have ranked A&P's manufacturing group at about number 350 in the Fortune 500). Until the creation of a combined Manufacturing Group in 1975, the corporation's production operations were conducted by four separate divisions:
In 2008 and 2009, the corporation added the environmentally-sensitive Green Way brand, gourmet Food Emporium Trading Company brand, and low-cost Food Basics alternative.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Union_(supermarket)
Founded Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S. (1872, as Jones Brothers Tea Company) (Original), November 9, 2021 (Revival) Founder Cyrus D. Jones Defunct July 2, 2013 (Original) The original company was purchased by C&S Wholesale Grocers in 2001 and downsized. The remainder of the company was purchased by Tops Markets in 2012 and folded into the Tops brand in 2013. C&S Wholesale Grocers revived the brand after purchasing some stores due to the merger of Tops Friendly Markets and Price Chopper Supermarkets Headquarters Scranton, Pennsylvania (original) 68 Jay Street, Brooklyn, New York (??–1951??) Elmwood Park, New Jersey (1951–1987) Wayne, New Jersey (1987–2001) Clifton Park, New York (2001–2013) Depew, New York (from time of acquisition by Tops) Number of locations12 (2021) Website mygrandunion.com
Early beginnings
ShopRite originated in 1946, when a Del Monte Foods sales representative talked to independent grocers in Newark, New Jersey. The grocers were having problems getting reasonable prices for wholesale goods. The Del Monte representative suggested the grocers try cooperative buying. Seven of the grocers agreed; paying $1,000 each to launch Wakefern Food Corp., which was incorporated on December 5, 1946. In 1951, the name ShopRite was created. In 1958, ShopRite cut prices by 10% as an alternative to giving away trading stamps, which other supermarkets in New Jersey were doing. The move was successful, drawing customers and helping create more ShopRite stores. By 1961, ShopRite had 70 members, totaling $100 million in annual sales. The breakaway of Supermarkets General 1974–2002 ShopRite logo, still in use at some supermarkets One large member, Supermarkets General, pulled out of Wakefern in the late 1960s, halving the number of stores. The Supermarkets General stores became Pathmark in 1968. The remaining Wakefern members redoubled their efforts, adopted "one member, one vote" as a management principle, and expanded aggressively. By the late 1970s, the volume lost from Supermarkets General's departure was restored. For many years, ShopRite and Pathmark were extremely competitive on price in the New York Metro area, and each one had its loyal customer base. A highly leveraged management buy-out in the late 1980s left Pathmark saddled with too much debt, and the supermarket chain had no cash to fix up its stores, or invest in lower prices. At the same time, ShopRite stores were being replaced and rebuilt, stealing market share away from Pathmark. The Pathmark chain was sold to A&P in 2007. A&P ran Pathmark as a division, but was unsuccessful in turning around the banner's fortunes. A&P filed for bankruptcy and sold or liquidated its stores in 2015, including approximately 150 Pathmark stores. Wakefern and its cooperative members acquired nine Pathmark locations along with several other former A&P banners with the intention of opening ShopRite, Price Rite and The Fresh Grocer locations. The "Can-Can Sale" ShopRite location in Rochelle Park, New Jersey Owned by Glass Gardens In 1971, ShopRite introduced their Can-Can Sale, where canned goods (and eventually other products) were placed on steep discounts, and is held in January. Until the early 1990s the sale was held in the second and third weeks of January but expanded to the entire month. Animated commercials for this promotion feature a chorus line of cancan dancers and a French artiste, though the style changed on several occasions over the years. In 2002, ShopRite expanded that sale to twice a year when they introduced the Summer Can-Can Sale, held in July. In 2018, the Summer Can-Can Sale was discontinued, replaced with the "Can It Get Any Hotter?" sale. Price Plus Club and beyond In 1989, ShopRite introduced the Price Plus Club Card, which eventually merged with the Check Cashing Card (for those that use it for that purpose as well); it is free of charge to acquire. Having a Price Plus Card enables shoppers to receive special weekly discounts, listed in circulars mailed with local newspapers. Most sales are chain-wide regardless of owner but sometimes in a particular region, valid for all area ShopRites, however some stores choose to put special items on sale based on stock. The Price Plus Card also tracks purchases. In 1996, ShopRite launched its own line (with Dietz & Watson) of deli meats, cheeses and complements with its private label, Black Bear of the Black Forest, to compete against the expansion of Boar's Head in competitor's supermarkets. In 2011, over 15 million pounds of Black Bear slicing meats and cheeses were sold at ShopRite. Since 1999, ShopRite has offered an online grocery shopping service on its website, under the service name ShopRite from Home. For an extra charge, ShopRite employees fulfill a customer's shopping order at a local ShopRite; the customer then schedules either a home delivery or an at-store pick-up. Entering MarylandIn 2007, Klein's Supermarkets, a local chain of family-owned supermarkets in Harford County, Maryland, joined the Wakefern cooperative, expanding the ShopRite banner into the Baltimore metropolitan area. The seven original Klein's Supermarkets that are now ShopRite supermarkets are located throughout Northeastern and Central Maryland, and the company has opened two additional Maryland ShopRite stores. In addition, Wakefern member Collins Family Markets has opened a Maryland ShopRite store in Glen Burnie (this store is closing as of April 2019), and another member, Village Supermarkets, acquired two former SuperFresh stores in Lutherville-Timonium and Silver Spring and converted them to ShopRite Supermarkets. www2.wakefern.com Meaning of the Wakefern name The name "Wakefern" is a portmanteau of the founders' names: W for Louis Weiss, A for Sam and Al Aidekman, K for Abe Kesselman, E for Leo Eisenberg, and FERN for Dave Fern, although the company adopted the name ShopRite for its stores in 1951. Cooperative overview[edit]Wakefern owns one of the Northeast's largest trucking fleets and is the fourth-largest cooperative in the United States. In fiscal year 2016, its revenue was US$ 16 billion, and US$ 16.3 billion in 2017. In 2011, Supermarket News gave Wakefern its Retailer Excellence Award and The Griffin Report and Progressive Grocer named Wakefern its Retailer of the Year. In 2012, this company was named one of the Best Places to Work in N.J. by NJBIZ Magazine. As of 2011, Wakefern was ranked 17th by sales among all supermarket operators in the U.S. Wakefern also created and operates or franchises the Price Rite limited-assortment chain (based in Wethersfield, Connecticut) of stores in Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia. Dearborn Market is a supermarket in New Jersey. Readington Farms, Inc. processes and distributes milk products in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. On August 1, 2013, Wakefern added The Fresh Grocer banner, an eight-store chain based in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, when Burns Supermarkets joined the cooperative. One of the stores was converted to the ShopRite name while the others retained the Fresh Grocer name.[7] The banner has since been adopted by stores operated by other members of the cooperative. Wakefern supplies all of its members' ShopRite stores as well as the Price Rite and The Fresh Grocer chains, and Dearborn Market. In July 2007, the cooperative announced that for the first time it was offering its wholesale services to third-party supermarket operators, in the Northeastern United States and other areas of the country. Since then, Wakefern has announced deals to supply the Gristedes and Morton Williams chains of supermarkets in the New York City area, Heinen's Fine Foods chain in Ohio, as well as The Market Place in Bermuda Wakefern also provides its members' stores with services such as: computer services, insurance, advertising, marketing, merchandising and procurement.[8] Member stores include the publicly traded Village Super Market.[9] Wakefern currently has a total of seven warehouses in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
8.23.2011 How The A&P Changed The Way We Shop
"Some of them started carrying meat, some of the stores started carrying dairy products," he says. "And the Hartfords also decided to expand into manufacturing. This was a pretty dramatic idea. The idea was that the A&P could buy bakeries, could buy salmon canneries, could buy vegetable canning plants, dairy plants, and [the company] could run these to supply its stores." Controlling both the retail store and the supply chain gave the A&P a huge advantage over corner grocery stores because the A&P could run the factories at a lower cost. In addition, the A&P started to bypass wholesalers and go directly to distributors for various products. By the 1990s, longtime house brands like Ann Page and Jane Parker had been retired with Jane Parker Fruit Cakes coming back into the market in 2017. The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, better known as A&P, was an American chain of grocery stores that ceased supermarket operations in November 2015, after 156 years in business. From 1915 through 1975, A&P was the largest grocery retailer in the United States (and until 1965, the largest U.S. retailer of any kind). A&P was considered an American icon that, according to The Wall Street Journal, "was as well known as McDonald's or Google is today", and was "the Walmart before Walmart". Known for innovation, A&P and the supermarkets that followed its lead significantly improved nutritional habits by making available a vast assortment of food products at much lower costs. Until 1982, A&P also was a large food manufacturer. In his 1952 book, American Capitalism, John Kenneth Galbraith cited A&P's manufacturing strategy as a classic example of countervailing power that was a welcome alternative to state price controls. Founded in 1859 by George Gilman as "Gilman & Company", within a few years the firm opened a small chain of retail tea and coffee stores in New York City, and operated a national mail order business. The firm grew to 70 stores by 1878, when Gilman passed management to George Huntington Hartford, who turned A&P into the country's first grocery chain. In 1900, it operated almost 200 stores. After Hartford acquired ownership, A&P grew dramatically by introducing the economy store concept in 1912, growing to 1,600 stores in 1915. After World War I, it added stores that offered meat and produce, while expanding manufacturing. In 1930, A&P, now the world's largest retailer, reached $2.9 billion in sales with 16,000 stores. In 1936, it adopted the self-serve supermarket concept and opened 4,000 larger stores (while phasing out many of its smaller units) by 1950. A&P Canada History In 1927, A&P opened its first stores in Canada. By 1929, A&P was present in 200 communities in Ontario and Quebec. A&P Canada left the Quebec market in 1984, and in 1985 acquired Dominion Stores in Ontario. It acquired Steinberg's Ontario grocery store chains Miracle Food Mart and Ultra Food&Drug in 1990 when the company divested them under new management. In 1999, it acquired the Barn Markets, based in Hamilton, Ontario, and opened its first discount grocery store, Food Basics. In 2005, A&P Canada Co. operated 135 stores under the banners of: A&P, Dominion and Ultra Food & Drug, in addition to The Barn Markets and Food Basics. It employed over 34,000 employees in Ontario. On July 19, 2005, Metro Inc. announced that it had reached an agreement with The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc. and its subsidiary, A&P Luxembourg S.à.r.l., to acquire all of the issued and outstanding common shares of A&P Canada, for an acquisition price of $1.7 billion, consisting of $1.2 billion in cash and $500 million in the form of treasury shares of Metro. The sale was completed on August 15, 2005. On August 7, 2008, Metro announced it would invest $200 million consolidating the company's conventional food stores under the Metro banner. Over a period of 15 months, all Dominion, A&P, Loeb, The Barn and Ultra banners were converted to the Metro name. Food Basics stores were not directly affected because they compete in the discount food segment, but did see A&P's Master Choice store brand replaced with Metro's Selection and Irresistibles brands. Former type Subsidiary Absorbed into Metro Inc. Founded1927 Defunct December 2009 Headquarters Toronto, Ontario, Canada Products Master Choice products; Dairy, frozen foods, grocery, general merchandise (non-food), meat/deli, pharmacy, produce, snacks Parent The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company (1927–2005) Metro Inc. (2005–2009) Website www.metro.caChain's Final Days 5.16.16 A Look Back: Markets grow 'super' 10.15.16 What killed the mom-and-pop store? 10.7.15 A&P Bankrupt A&P unable to get buyers for 1/3 of stores A&P facing deeper layoffs of 13,000 on Thanksgiving Bankrupt A&P has bidders lined up 9.29.15 Updated 12.6,17 End of the Road for an American Icon 7.30.15 The Great A&P Heading To Its Final Checkout 7.15.15 A&P could soon be gone for good By James Covert 6-18-13 A Closer Look At The New A&P’s America’s Choice 6-3-13 A&P’s Redesigned America’s Choice is a Video Star 12.14.10 A&P's future is uncertain after bankruptcy By Dean Best 11.10.08 A&P operates 447 stores in eight states and the District of Columbia under the following banners: A&P, Waldbaum's, Pathmark, Best Cellars, The Food Emporium, Super Foodmart, Super Fresh, and Food Basics. John R. Fugazzie's A&P and Supermarket connection 2011 to 2012
The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., Montvale, NJ - Director Dairy Frozen Managed $1.2 billion in annual retail sales, 17% of total company retail business, and category management staff of 8 responsible for the Dairy and Frozen business.
2005 to 2006 Account Executive - C&S Wholesale Grocers, based in A&P office in Paterson NJ Six-month project working as account liaison for the transition of the Grocery Division of the A&P. 1987 to 1991 Director of National Purchasing - Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., Montvale, NJ Oversaw conversion to central purchasing and merchandising from 10 regional operations. Established new Category Management discipline and separated purchasing group within national office. Parent organization was Tengelmann Group 1977 to 1982 Senior. Merchandising Manager - Wakefern Food Corporation, Elizabeth, NJ Procurement and merchandising for Dairy Deli Division managed milk and cheese programs. Dairy and Deli deparment Category manager overseeing all categories during tenure in deparment. 1973 to 1977 Early experience Garden State Farms Dairy Queen Division and grocery and dairy part time manager roles while attending college in Shop Rite Supermarkets with several owner groups. Glass Gardens Shop Rites in Paramus and Rochelle Park, Najarian Shop Rite Washington Township and Shop Rite of Oakland. Model Trains Lionel 1978 "O gauge" 1/48 Model Train "G gauge" 1930 1/24 
|
Here are some of the oldest food brands in the USA that have stood the test of time:
While a similar item, packed minced ham, may have been produced in the later 1700s, John Taylor is credited with creating his secret recipe for the product in 1856. George Washington Case, a farmer and butcher from nearby Belle Mead, created his own recipe for pork roll in 1870. Case's was reportedly packaged in corn husks.
Taylor originally called his product "Taylor's Prepared Ham", but was forced to change the name after it failed to meet the new legal definition of "ham" established by the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. Marketed as both "Taylor's Pork Roll" and "Trenton Pork Roll", it saw competition from products with similar names like "Rolled Pork" and "Trenton style Pork Roll". Of particular note is the "Roll of Pork" produced by Adolph Gobel, the "Sausage King" of Brooklyn. Gobel was sued by Taylor in 1910, but the court ruled that the words "Pork Roll" and "Roll of Pork" could not be trademarked. A century later, many in North Jersey (and parts of Central Jersey) continue to use the term "Taylor ham". Taylor Ham / Pork Roll You can buy pork roll and some other jersey products here. https://jerseyporkroll.com/shop/ 
Made by Taylor Provisions also, this is also considered Taylor’s Pork Roll but Trenton is milder tasting than the original.
100 Iconic Brands That Changed Grocery
in celebration of our centennial, Progressive Grocer quantifies some of the best and boldest brands of the past 100 years, from A to Z Jenny McTaggart Truly powerful brands often become household names, standing on their own when spoken, without further description needed. Nowhere is this truer than in the grocery industry. It’s the reason that you ask for a Kleenex when you sneeze, or look for a Ziploc bag to store something in — or, down South, request a Coke although you’re mainly just craving a sweetened carbonated beverage. Where would the grocery industry be without such amazing, resilient brands? These are the names that so often inspire consumers to visit their local supermarkets and make them feel at home when they get there. Iconic grocery brands have also served as the source for decades of powerful TV ads, in-store promotions and circulars, fun jingles playing over store speakers, and, by today’s measure, trendsetting content in TikTok and YouTube videos. For Progressive Grocer’s premier list of 100 Brands That Changed Grocery, the editors strove to include the best-known brands over the past 100 years, along with newer names that have made significant impacts on the industry. Two names — Starbucks and White Castle — represent notable crossovers from the restaurant industry. You’ll also see a few brands that are really used by grocers themselves but have become familiar to shoppers — such as NCR — as well as one brand that has been so impactful on the industry that we felt we had to include it: Amazon. As we perused past issues of the magazine to compose this list, it was fascinating to see how brands have changed their messaging and feel over time. Back in a 1922 issue of PG, for example, Borden was billing itself as “the nation’s milk” and “the grocer’s milk,” while Morton Salt saw its branded commodity as not only a “necessity,” but also as a “sure profit item” at 5 cents per package. In 1932, toward the end of Prohibition, Anheuser-Busch was launching a new campaign for Budweiser Barley Malt Syrup, a baking ingredient for bread and cookies that also conveniently lent itself to home brewing. The company planned to include streetcar advertising, newspaper ads in “English and foreign language[s],” and “neon spectacular bulletins at strategic points east and west” in its broad-reaching national campaign. In the 1970s, Campbell Soup was debuting its “Light Ones” line to appeal to more diet-conscious consumers as the Kool-Aid Man was crashing through walls to reward kids with plenty of sugar. In more recent years, newer brands such as Annie’s Homegrown, Kashi and Kind bars have come onto the scene and shaken up the center store, while Chobani has transformed the yogurt section. Meanwhile, perishable departments have seen an increase in branded products, yet at the same time, private label items have often excelled at giving major CPG players some healthy competition. 1. Amazon 2. Annie’s Homegrown (owned by General Mills) 3. Barilla 4. Bayer 5. Ben & Jerry’s (owned by Unilever) 6. Ben’s Original (formerly Uncle Ben’s; owned by Mars Food) 7. Betty Crocker (owned by General Mills) 8. Birds Eye (owned by Conagra BRANDS) 9. Boar’s Head 10. Borden 11. Bounty (owned by Procter & Gamble) 12. Breyers (owned by Unilever) 13. Budweiser (owned by Anheuser-Busch) 14. Bumble Bee Foods 15. Camay 16. Campbell Soup The beginnings of this iconic soup brand can be traced back to Joseph Campbell, a wholesale fruit and vegetable vendor, and Abraham Anderson, a commercial canner and packer, both of whom lived in the middle of the 19th century. Their company introduced its first jar of ready-to-eat soup, Beefsteak Tomato, in 1895. A few years later, a nephew of the company’s president invented the process of condensing soup, which led to smaller packaging in cans. It wasn’t until 1898 that Campbell debuted its well-known red-and-white label, which was inspired by the Cornell University football team’s new red-and-white uniforms. The brand went on to feature the adorable “Campbell kids” in its ads in the early 1900s, created the catchy “M’m! M’m! Good!” jingle in the 1930s and inspired eclectic artist Andy Warhol to use soup cans in his paintings in the 1960s. Campbell’s major acquisitions and new product introductions over time have included V8, Pepperidge Farm, SpaghettiOs, Swanson, Prego, Pace Foods and Snyder’s-Lance. 17. Charmin (owned by Procter & Gamble) 18. Cheerios (owned by General Mills) 19. Chiquita 20. Chobani 21. Clorox 22. Coca-Cola It’s almost impossible to overstate the impact that Coca-Cola has had on the U.S. beverage market over the past century. Today, the global brand is represented in virtually every beverage segment through its various products — think Dasani, Fairlife, Fanta, Gold Peak, Minute Maid, Schweppes, Simply and Sprite, to name just a sampling. Its unforgettable ad campaigns have included “I’d Like to Buy the World a Coke,” animated polar bears, and even Santa Claus himself holding a bottle of the liquid refreshment. While a few products’ lives were more short-lived — New Coke and Tab come to mind — the company has continued to impress through its creativity and longevity in an ever-changing consumer landscape. 23. Colgate-Palmolive A small soap and candle business started by William Colgate in the early 19th century has today grown into a global company that includes Colgate toothpaste and other personal care brands such as Irish Spring, Softsoap, Speed Stick and Tom’s of Maine, as well as Ajax, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Murphy Oil Soap and, of course, Palmolive Dish Soap. In the 1930s, the company featured two radio programs, “The Palmolive Hour” and “Palmolive Beauty Box,” and throughout the 20th century, its TV ads and product innovation helped turn its brands into household names. 24. Cool Whip (owned by Kraft Heinz) 25. Coors 26. Cup Noodles (owned by Nissin Foods) 27. Dannon 28. Del Monte 29. Dole 30. Domino 31. Dove (owned by Unilever) 32. Driscoll’s 33. Folgers (owned by J.M. Smucker) 34. French’s (owned by McCormick & Co.) 35. Frito-Lay (owned by Pepsico) 36. Gerber (owned by Nestlé) 37. Gorton’s 38. Goya Foods 39. Green Giant (owned by B&G Foods) 40. Heinz (owned by Kraft) 41. Hellmann’s/Best Foods (owned by Unilever) 42. Hershey’s 43. Horizon Organic (owned by Danone) 44. Hormel Foods Known for developing the world’s first canned ham, Hormel Foods has been around for more than 130 years. Perhaps one of its greatest inventions is Spam, but the company is also responsible for legacy brands such as Dinty Moore beef stew and its trademark Hormel chili. Today, its impressive portfolio of food products includes Applegate, Jennie-O, Planters and Skippy, among others. 45. Hostess 46. Huggies (owned by Kimberly-Clark) 47. Hussmann 48. Jell-O (owned by Kraft) 49. Jif (owned by J.M. Smucker) 50. Kashi 51. Keebler 52. Kellogg’s In 1894, W.K. Kellogg changed breakfast forever by creating Corn Flakes. Then, in the 1950s, the phrase “They’re grrrreat!” became etched in Americans’ minds with the rollout of iconic Frosted Flakes and its biggest fan, Tony the Tiger. Today, Kellogg owns a wide range of brands covering more cereals and other breakfast items such as Pop-Tarts and Eggo frozen waffles, plant-based proteins (MorningStar Farms), savory snacks (Pringles, Cheez-It and more), snack bars and bites, and protein bars and shakes. 53. Kind (owned by Mars) 54. Kleenex (owned by Kimberly-Clark) 55. Knorr (owned by Unilever) 56. Kool-Aid (owned by Kraft) 57. Kotex (owned by Kimberly-Clark) 58. Kraft Although today its name is connected to Heinz after the two companies merged in 2015, the Kraft brand traces its roots back to the early 1900s, when James L. Kraft started a wholesale door-to-door cheese business in Chicago. By 1915, the company had invented pasteurized processed cheese that didn’t need refrigeration, and in 1937, it introduced its ubiquitous boxed macaroni and cheese. In 1947, Kraft experimented with branding via the emerging power of television by producing “Kraft Television Theatre.” Since those days, Kraft has gone through various mergers that have included Dart Industries (makers of the Duracell brand of batteries and the Tupperware brand of plastic containers) and the Philip Morris Cos. Today, its major brands include Cadbury, Maxwell House coffee, Nabisco, Oreo, Oscar Mayer and Philadelphia cream cheese. 59. Land O’Lakes 60. Lipton (owned by Unilever) 61. Little Debbie (owned by McKee Foods) 62. Mars Wrigley In the late 1800s, a young boy named Frank C. Mars learned to hand-dip chocolate from his mother while he was stuck at home with polio. Around the same time, William Wrigley Jr. came to Chicago as a young salesman and began offering merchants free chewing gum with each can of baking powder that he sold. These humble beginnings led to what is today the world’s leading manufacturer of chocolate, chewing gum, mints and fruity confections. The company’s iconic brands include M&Ms, Snickers, Orbit, Extra and Skittles, each with its own unforgettable ad campaigns and slogans that have permeated American culture through the years. 63. McCormick 64. Morton Salt 65. Mr. Clean (owned by Procter & Gamble) 66. Nabisco (owned by Mondelez International) 67. NCR 68. Newman’s Own 69. Nestlé Founded in Switzerland more than 140 years ago, Nestlé originally produced a milk-based infant food, which inspired its “nest” logo. Today, it’s considered the largest food and beverage company in the world, with more than 2,000 brands spanning such categories as baby food, water, cereals, coffee, chilled and frozen food, dairy, and ice cream. In fact, several of its brands are included in this list. One category that the Nestlé name is often affiliated with is milk chocolate: It was in 1904 that the company started selling chocolate for the first time, having taken over export sales for Peter & Kohler. Another name linked to Nestlé is Purina, an American subsidiary of the company that markets pet food, treats and cat litter (and is included a little later in our list). 70. Nutella (owned by Ferrero) Image71. Old El Paso (owned by General Mills) 72. Oreo (owned by Mondelez International) 73. Orville Redenbacher’s (owned by Conagra brands) 74. Oscar Mayer (owned by Kraft Heinz) 75. Pampers (owned by Procter & Gamble) 76. Pepsi 77. Perdue Farms 78. Pillsbury (owned by General Mills) 79. Purina 80. Quaker Oats (owned by PepsiCo) Quaker Oats was registered as the first trademark for a breakfast cereal, way back in 1877. The brand was a pioneer in magazine advertising and became instantly recognizable through its mascot, a man dressed in Quaker garb. Much later, in 1966, Quaker Instant Oatmeal was introduced, giving Americans a more convenient way to fix a healthy breakfast. Today, the brand is owned by PepsiCo and includes oat-based snack foods, as well as the popular Life cereal. 81. Ragú 82. Red Bull 83. Reynolds Wrap 84. Sara Lee 85. Seventh Generation (owned by Unilever) 86. Scott (owned by Kimberly-Clark) 87. Smithfield 88. Smucker’s 89. Snapple A brand of colorfully packaged beverages owned by Keurig Dr Pepper, Snapple was founded in 1972, under the name Unadulterated Food Products, by Leonard Marsh, Hyman Golden and Arnold Greenberg. The three New Yorkers conceived the product as a part-time venture to supply fruit juices to health food stores. An early apple juice product with carbonation led to the name Snapple, combining “snappy” and “apple.” Snapple went on to make its first bottled tea in 1987. In the 2000s, the company became the target of several lawsuits claiming that the inclusion of high-fructose corn syrup didn’t meet the company’s claim of “natural” ingredients. Once the lawsuits were dismissed, Snapple went on to switch to sugar in most of its beverages. 90. Starbucks 91. StarKist 92. Sun-Maid 93. Tab 94. Tabasco 95. Tampax (owned by Procter & Gamble) 96. Tropicana (owned by PepsiCo) 97. Tyson 98. White Castle 99. Wonder Bread (owned by Flowers Foods) 100. Ziploc (owned by SC Johnson) ALSO WORTH READING
List of brand name food products Kraft History
When the Government Banned PBR, Pabst Made Cheese Instead Selling dairy products helped the brewery survive Prohibition. During Prohibition, Pabst stopped making beer and switched to cheese production, selling more than 8 million pounds (3.6 million kilograms) of Pabst-ett Cheese. When Prohibition ended, the company went back to selling beer, and the cheese line was sold to Kraft. Pabst Brewing Company Loft, Inc.Pepsi 
Nabisco Annimal Crackers
After 116 years, animal crackers are no longer behind bars. The packaging of Barnum's Animals, a classic Nabisco snack, doesn't depict the exotic creatures in cages anymore. In the late 19th century, animal-shaped crackers (or "biscuits" in British terminology) called "Animals" were imported from England to the United States.[citation needed] The demand for these crackers grew to the point that bakers began to produce them domestically. Stauffer's Biscuit Company produced their first batch of animal crackers in York, Pennsylvania, in 1871. Other domestic bakeries, including the Dozier-Weyl Cracker Company of St. Louis, and the Holmes and Coutts Company of New York City, were the predecessors of the National Biscuit Company, today's "Nabisco Brands". Animal biscuit crackers were made and distributed under the National Biscuit Company banner. In 1902, animal crackers officially became known as "Barnum's Animals" and evoked the familiar circus theme of the Barnum and Bailey Circus. Later in 1902, the now-familiar box was designed for the Christmas season with the innovative idea of attaching a string to hang from the Christmas tree. Until that time, crackers were generally sold only in bulk (the proverbial "cracker barrel") or in large tins. These small cartons, which retailed for 5 cents at the time of their release, were a big hit and are still sold today. The number and variety contained in each box has varied over the years. In total, 53 different animals have been represented by animal crackers since 1902. In its current incarnation, each package contains 22 cookies consisting of a variety of animals. The most recent addition, the koala, was added in September 2002 after being chosen by consumer votes, beating out the penguin, walrus and cobra. In 1948, the company changed the product name to its current designation of "Barnum's Animals Crackers". In 1958, production methods changed to improve the cookies' visual details. Until then, animal shapes were stamped out of a dough sheet by a cutter. This produced outlines with little sophistication. By installing rotary dies, bakers can actually engrave details onto each cookie, creating a more intricate design. The rotary dies are still used today. Barnum's Animals Crackers are all produced in the Fair Lawn, New Jersey, bakery by Nabisco Brands. More than 40 million packages of Barnum's Animals Crackers are sold each year, both in the United States and exported to 17 countries worldwide. The cookies are baked in a 300-foot (91 m)-long traveling band oven. They are in the oven for about four minutes and are baked at the rate of 12,000 per minute. About 15,000 cartons and 330,000 cookies are produced in a single shift, using some 30 miles (48 km) of string on the packages. This runs to nearly 8,000 miles (13,000 km) of string a year. Those bright circus boxes are produced in three colors—red, blue, and yellow—with different variety of animals on each. In August 2018, Mondelez International (the parent company of Nabisco) released a new design for its Barnum's Animals Crackers boxes in the United States, showing the animals freed from their traditional circus boxcar cages. This design change was made in consultation with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), one year after the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus ceased operations. The new design shows a zebra, lion, elephant, giraffe and gorilla together in an African landscape. 
Entenmann's as a company is around 124 years old and originated in New York City. William Entenmann learned the trade of baking from his father in Stuttgart, Germany, and used his acquired skills to work in a bakery in the US, eventually opening his own bakery in 1898 on Rogers Avenue in Brooklyn.[1] Later, William moved his bakery to Bay Shore, Long Island. Home delivery was a substantial part of the bakery that William owned, eventually turning into 30 home delivery routes by the time his son, William Jr, took over the bakery. While William Jr headed the bakery, it flourished.
The pharmaceutical company Warner-Lambert purchased Entenmann's in 1978, and then sold it to General Foods in 1982. General Foods merged with Kraft in 1990. Kraft General Foods sold its bakery business to CPC International (later Bestfoods) in 1995. Bestfoods was purchased by Unilever in 2000, which sold its baking division to George Weston, a Canadian baked goods and supermarket business, the next year. Weston sold its United States interests including Entenmann's, in 2008 to Mexican conglomerate Grupo Bimbo. Other Bimbo Bakeries USA holdings include Thomas', Brownberry, Boboli, Arnold, Oroweat, Freihofer’s, and Stroehmann. Herr Foods's annual revenues are over $500 million (see exact revenue data) and has over 1,000 employees. It is classified as operating in the Food Manufacturing industry.Apr 25, 2022 In 1946, Jim Herr, then 21 years old, purchased a small potato chip company in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Initial sales averaged approximately thirty dollars a week. In 1958, the company introduced flavored potato chips, and in 1974, switched to foil packaging from the traditional glassine bags. The 1970s and 1980s saw a growth in the snack food industry which prompted an expansion in the variety of products being manufactured, including corn chips, tortilla chips, and pretzels. The 1980s also saw the addition of the Herr Angus Farm, a cattle farm which made use of potato waste products. Jim Herr began transferring control of the company to his sons, Ed Herr and J. M. Herr, in the 1990s, with Ed taking over as company spokesman. Jim Herr retired as company chair in favor of J. M. Herr in January 2005, but remained on the board of directors until his death. Jim Herr died on April 5, 2012, at the age of 87. Ed Herr and J. M. Herr assumed the roles of president and executive chairman respectively. 1 Baked goods 2 Beverages 2.1 Soft drinks 3 Nutritional Drinks 4 Biscuits 4.1 Crackers and other savory biscuits
Nabisco's logo from the 1990s to the present, designed by Gerard Huerta
Type Subsidiary Industry Food processing Predecessor
Founded June 19, 1898; 122 years ago East Hanover Township, New Jersey Founders William Moore Adolphus Green John G. Zeller Headquarters East Hanover Township, New Jersey , United States Products Cookies Crackers Parent Kraft Foods Inc. (until 2012) Mondelēz International (2012–present) Website snackworks.com (formerly Nabisco World website) 
Baked goods
Main article: List of brand name soft drinks products Breakfast cereals Main article: List of breakfast cereals Cakes
See also: List of chocolate bar brands, List of top-selling candy brands, List of chewing gum brands, and Category: Brand name confectionery Dairy products
Main article: List of frozen food brandsHorseradishIce cream and frozen dessertsSee also: List of ice cream brands and List of frozen dessert brands
Breakfast foodsBreakfast cereals Main article: List of breakfast cereals Nutritional DrinksBiscuits
Crackers and other savory biscuitsBreakfast foods ils, butters and fat spreads
Snack foods Main article: List of brand name snack foods See also: List of Japanese snacksPopcorn Main article: List of popcorn brands Candied popcornSoup and noodles See also: List of instant noodle brands See also: the categories Brand name soups and Instant noodle brands
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
helping-Brands.com helping-brands.org helpingbrands.net John R. Fugazzie
|
|
Tyler Fugazzie Matthew Fugazzie
Partner with helping-Brands
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an urgent call for action by all countries - developed and developing - in a global partnership. They recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests
Legal : Intellectual Property Statement
All the materials and brands that part of this website portal are: John R. Fugazzie
All the brand, name, graphics, images, logos, web site support and related materials are the intellectual property of John R. Fugazzie and can be licensed by partners under a written agreement..
All the brand, name, graphics, images, logos, web site support and related materials are the intellectual property of John R. Fugazzie and can be licensed by partners under a written agreement..
NhNUSA Legal Statement and current structural status
Neighbors-helping-Neighbors USA is a social franchise founded by John R. Fugazzie on January 27, 2011 in the River Edge NJ Public Library. The organization operated from May 24, 2012-December 24, 2017 as a 501 (c)(3) New Jersey nonprofit. The organization now continues its amazing growth helping people and the continued expansion under the leadership of its founder John R. Fugazzie.
Neighbors-helping-Neighbors USA (helping-Brands) is the intellectual property of John R. Fugazzie who is the sole owner of the brand, name, images, logos, social media groups, web sites, and all current and future related materials. John R. Fugazzie maintains all rights to the use and distribution of these materials and any duplication and use without the written permission or license is prohibited Copyright 2011-2025.
Neighbors-helping-Neighbors USA is a social franchise founded by John R. Fugazzie on January 27, 2011 in the River Edge NJ Public Library. The organization operated from May 24, 2012-December 24, 2017 as a 501 (c)(3) New Jersey nonprofit. The organization now continues its amazing growth helping people and the continued expansion under the leadership of its founder John R. Fugazzie.
Neighbors-helping-Neighbors USA (helping-Brands) is the intellectual property of John R. Fugazzie who is the sole owner of the brand, name, images, logos, social media groups, web sites, and all current and future related materials. John R. Fugazzie maintains all rights to the use and distribution of these materials and any duplication and use without the written permission or license is prohibited Copyright 2011-2025.
AFFILIATE STATEMENT
This site is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Additional affiliate links are also occasionally used on the site.
This site is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Additional affiliate links are also occasionally used on the site.
Copyright © 2011-2025